IELTS Writing Task 2: Problem and Solution
Updated 2 July 2026 · 2 min read · ieltspractice.app
The problem and solution essay asks you to explain the problems behind an issue and suggest ways to fix them. A close relative is the cause and effect essay, which asks for reasons and results. Both reward clear, logical links between ideas. This guide gives you a structure that ties each problem to a matching solution, which is the key to a strong answer.
How to spot this question type
Look for words like "What problems does this cause and what solutions can you suggest?" or "What are the causes and what can be done?"
Sometimes the task asks only for causes and effects. Read carefully so you answer exactly what is asked, not a slightly different question.
Match each solution to a problem
The most important idea is linkage. Every solution you give should clearly solve a problem you raised.
If you describe traffic jams as a problem, your solution should address traffic, such as better public transport. A solution that does not connect to your problem weakens the whole essay.
A reliable structure
Introduction: reword the topic and say that you will look at the main problems and possible solutions.
Body paragraph 1: describe one or two clear problems, explained with a reason or example.
Body paragraph 2: give solutions that directly address those problems, explained with how they would help.
Conclusion: sum up the main problem and the most useful solution.
Explain, do not just list
It is not enough to name a problem. Explain why it happens and why it matters. The same is true for solutions: say how they would work.
Depth beats quantity. One problem explained fully, with a solution that clearly fixes it, scores better than a long list of undeveloped ideas.
Cause and effect variation
If the task asks for causes and effects rather than solutions, keep the same clear linking. Each effect should follow from a cause you gave.
Use cause and result language: because, leads to, results in, as a consequence. This makes the logic easy to follow.
Common mistakes
Giving solutions that do not match the problems you raised. This breaks the logic and confuses the reader.
Listing many problems with no explanation, or suggesting vague solutions like "the government should do something". Be specific about how a solution helps.
Quick check
Test yourself — tap an answer to see if you are right.
1. What is the key to a strong problem and solution essay?
2. Which solution is strongest for the problem of traffic jams?
3. What is better than a long list of ideas?
Frequently asked questions
Should each solution match a specific problem?
Yes. Clear linkage is the heart of this essay. Every solution should solve a problem you raised earlier.
How many problems should I include?
One or two well-explained problems are enough. Depth matters more than a long list of shallow points.
What if the task asks for causes and effects instead?
Use the same clear linking. Each effect should follow logically from a cause, using words like because and results in.
What makes a weak solution?
A vague one, such as "the government should act". Say what should be done and explain how it would help.
Sources
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